南非葡萄酒業

歷史

土風

葡萄種植

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葡萄品種及風格

行業統計

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原產地葡萄酒計劃葡萄品種的角色

南非的所有葡萄品種都屬於Vitis vinifera葡萄品種,源自歐洲。雖然今天大多數葡萄都是從當初引進的品種繁殖,但亦有雜交變種的獨特南非品種,其中最著名的是由黑比諾(Pinot Noir)和神索(Cinsaut)雜交而成的紅葡萄品樂塔吉(Pinotage)。

現在大約有82個品種獲准用於制造原產地葡萄酒。每個品種應其不同的生長氣候及土壤,表現不同的性格,從而釀造出風格及品質特色不同的葡萄酒。所以,品種、產地和葡萄酒本身三者之間關系密切。

原產地葡萄酒可於標簽上注明葡萄品種,但品種一定是計劃應可的。一款葡萄酒必須有至少85%以上的成分來自某個葡萄品種,方可使用該葡萄品種的名稱。

原產地葡萄酒計劃包含的葡萄品種有:

Alicante Bouschet (Henri Bouschet), Auxerrois, Barbera, Bastardo do Castello, Bastardo do Menudo, Bukettraube, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Carignan, Chardonnay, Chenel, Chenin Blanc (Steen), Cinsaut (Cinsault), Clairette Blanche, Colombar (Colombard), Cornifesto, Crouchen (Riesling**; Cape Riesling; Kaapse Riesling), *Donzellinho do Castello, *Donzellinho do Gallego, Durif (Petite Syrah), Emerald Riesling, Erlihane, Fernão Pires, Furmint, Gamay Noir, Gewurtztraminer, Grachen, Graciano, Grasa de Cotnari, Grenache (Red/Rooi), Grenache Blanc (White/Wit), Gruner Veltliner, Harslevelu, Irsai Oliver (Irsay Oliver), Kerner, Malbec, Marsanne, Merlot, Meunier (Pinot Meunier), Morio Muscat (Muscat, Moscato), *Mourisco Tinto, Mourvedre (Mataro, Monastrell, Monastrel), Muller-Thurgau, Muscat d'Alexandrie (Hanepoot, Muscat, Moscato), Muscat de Frontignan (Muscadel, Muskade, Muscat, Moscato), Muscat de Hambourg (Muscat, Moscato), Muscat Ottonel (Muscat, Moscato), Nebbiolo, Nouvelle, *Olasz, Palomino (White French; Fransdruif), Petit Verdot (Verdot), Pinotage, Pinot Blanc (Weissburgunder), Pinot Gris (Pinot Grigio), Pinot Noir, Pontak (Teinturier male), Riesling*** (Rhine Riesling; Ryn Riesling; Weisser Riesling), Roobernet, Rousanne, Ruby Cabernet, Sangiovese, Sauvignon Blanc (Blanc Fume), Schönburger, Semillon (Groendruif), Shiraz (Syrah), Souzao, Sultana (Sultanina; Thompson's Seedless), Sylvaner, Tannat, Tempranillo (Tinta Roriz), Therona, *Tinta Amarella (Tinta Amarela; Trincadeira; Trincandeira Preta), Tinta Barocca, Tinta Francisca, Touriga Franca, Touriga Nacional, Ugni blanc (Trebbiano), Verdelho, Viognier, Viura, Weisser Riesling (Rhine Riesling; Ryn Riesling), Zanthe Korinthe, Zinfandel (Primitivo)

**This name (Riesling) may only be used for wine produced from the Crouchen grape cultivar until, and inclusive of, the 2009 grape harvest.

***This name (Riesling) may only be used for wine produced from the Weisser Riesling/ Rhine Riesling grape cultivar as from the 2010 grape harvest.